Discovery of Novel Halogenated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban Particulate Matters: Occurr

时间：2009-04-18  阅读：    我要评论:

Takeshi Ohura*^†, Kei-ichi Sawada^†, Takashi Amagai^† and Miho Shinomiya^‡ Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan, and National Environmental Research and Training Institute, 3-3 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-0042, JapanEnviron. Sci. Technol., 2009, 43 (7), pp 2269–2275DOI: 10.1021/es803633dPublication Date (Web): March 3, 2009Copyright © 2009 American Chemical Society * Corresponding author phone: +81 54 264 5789; fax: +81 54 264 5798; e-mail: ooura@smail.u-shizuoka-ken.ac.jp., †

University of Shizuoka.

, ‡

National Environmental Research and Training Institute.

Abstract

Halogenated aromatic compounds (HACs) in the environment have created great concern because of the associated adverse health implications. In this study we investigated the atmospheric behavior and exposure risk of brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (BrPAHs) larger than three rings which were associated with particles in the urban air in Japan, and which were discovered as novel HACs in the air. Furthermore, the ambient levels of chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (ClPAHs) and PAHs, in addition to BrPAHs, were also simultaneously investigated to emphasize the differences. Seven of 11 target BrPAHs were newly detected from the urban air samples in Japan between 2004 and 2005. Of the BrPAHs detected, 5,7-Br₂BaA was most abundant (mean concentration, 8.7 pg m⁻³), followed by 7,12-Br₂BaA (6.3 pg m⁻³) and 6-BrBaP (3.3 pg m⁻³). The mean concentrations of total BrPAHs, ClPAHs, and PAHs detected were 8.6 pg m⁻³, 15.2 pg m⁻³, and 1.2 ng m⁻³, respectively, which showed that concentrations of such halogenated PAHs (Br-/Cl-PAHs) tended to be approximately 100-fold lower than PAHs. The BrPAHs had photolysis rates that were relatively faster than the corresponding ClPAHs. Comparing the ambient profiles among the PAH congeners suggested that ambient BrPAHs that came from the specific local emission sources differed from ClPAHs and PAHs, and/or could be driven by various seasonal factors, including photodecay processes. Most of the BrPAHs used showed inherent AhR-mediated activities. Toxic equivalents based on the relative potencies of each AhR activity and the ambient concentrations showed that either BrPAHs or ClPAHs accounted for a smaller proportion (1%) of the total.

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