《Nature》目录要览：2009-10-15出版
时间：2009-10-15 阅读： 我要评论:
《Nature》目录要览：2009-10-15出版
封面故事：中心体非对称性的重要作用
Asymmetric centrosome inheritance maintains neural progenitors in the
neocortex
中心体是动物细胞中的一种关键细胞器，起主要微管组织中心的作用，在细胞分裂和细
胞迁移过程中有重要作用。中心体具有内在不对称性，它们似乎是由细胞周期不同阶段
形成的“母”中心粒和“子” 中心粒组成的。这种内在不对称性最近被发现是干细胞
分裂中的一个重要因子。现在，对小鼠胚胎新皮层所做的一项研究表明，可解释发育中
的哺乳动物新皮层中几乎全部神经发生活动（放射状胶质先祖细胞的非对称分裂）的过
程也是由中心粒的非对称遗传调控的。接受两个中心粒中较老一个的子细胞仍然留在大
脑新皮层的脑室区，以补充先祖细胞数量，而接受新的、复制的中心粒的子细胞则迁移
到皮层中，分化成一个神经细胞。（Article p. 947; News & Views）
地点细胞编码机制模型的实验验证（Place cells know their place）
Intracellular dynamics of hippocampal place cells during virtual navigation
在我们走动时，空间信息被大脑海马体中的“地点”细胞编码和处理。这些神经细胞中
的每一个当处在它应在的“地点”时，会加快其激发速度，从而使速度编码等同于地
点。海马体地点细胞的激发模式在过去40年里已得到广泛研究，而且人们也提出了一些
理论模型来解释神经回路中地点和时间的编码机制。现在，研究人员开发出一种技术，
该技术能从实验鼠的地点细胞内来记录编码情况。实验中，研究人员让小鼠处于清醒状
态，并让它们走一个虚拟现实迷宫。这一技术使得研究人员有可能来验证这些模型。初
步结果表明，地点场存在两个阈下特征参数：一个是膜电位振荡在Theta频率处振幅的
增加，另一个是基线膜电位像坡道一样的去极化。（Article p. 941; News & Views）
“自旋冰”中“磁流”的观测（Magnetricity in spin ice）
Measurement of the charge and current of magnetic monopoles in spin ice
电荷和电流普遍存在，但与它们相对应的“磁荷”和“磁流”却难以确定。最近，研究
人员预测到、随后又在被称为“自旋冰”（ spin ice）的、在磁学上让人迷惑不解的
材料中演示了磁“单极”（带一个净“磁荷”、像只有一个“极”的磁铁的粒子）的存
在。这样，我们便有了一个从中可能发现“磁流”（ magnetricity）的体系。
Bramwell等人利用自旋冰“碳酸镝烧绿石” (Dy2Ti2O7)发现，“磁荷”和它们的动态
可通过与电解质（在溶液中变成离子、能够导电的物质）理论相应的“磁解质”理论来
理解。他们观测到了真正的“磁流”，确定了“磁荷”的基本单位。这些发现说明电与
磁之间存在完美的对称性。（Letter p. 956; News& Views）
用胶体纳米颗粒获取准晶体（Well-connected quasicrystals）
Quasicrystalline order in self-assembled binary nanoparticle superlattices
准晶体是将长程有序与“不可能的”堆积对称性（如在周期结构中不允许存在的“五倍
转动”）结合在一起的独特材料。此前，它们只在一个激光驻波模式作用下、在如金属
间化合物、块状共聚合物或胶体颗粒等特定体系中被发现。现在，Talapin等人将胶体
纳米颗粒自组装成了非周期性准晶体晶格，方法是仔细调整它们的大小，并采用一个新
颖的堆积主题。他们能用这种方法获得具有由几种不同材料组合组成的纳米颗粒的准晶
体，从而反映了这样一个事实：只有球堆积和简单的颗粒间电位对于它们的形成才是重
要的，而不是各组成部分之间的特定相互作用。这些准晶体还可通过一个薄薄的“润
湿”层与普通（晶体）世界联系起来，这个“润湿”层具有很像经典的阿基米德瓦片堆
积模式的结构。（Letter p. 964; News & Views）
阿尔法氨基酸的一种灵活、实用的合成方法（Alpha-amino acids on tap）
Scaleable catalytic asymmetric Strecker syntheses of unnatural -amino acids
来自哈佛大学化学与化学生物学系的一个小组，报告了一项长期研究工作的最终结果：
开发出合成作为蛋白质构造单元的阿尔法氨基酸的一种实用的、具有可适应性的方法。
他们的合成工作以一个经典的有机化学反应——Strecker反应为基础。一个简单的手性
氨基硫脲分子被用来催化氰化氢向亚胺的高选择性加成反应，反应所采用的条件使其能
够在大尺度下使用。利用这种方法可以合成新的、不同寻常的氨基酸。该方法在包括药
物化学、蛋白质科学和材料科学在内的一系列领域都有广泛用途。（Letter p. 968）
冰川动态变薄过程的高分辨率卫星高程测量结果（Calculating on thin ice）
Extensive dynamic thinning on the margins of the Greenland and Antarctic ice
sheets
沿格陵兰和南极洲冰层所发生的边缘冰川的物质消失已知会促使海平面上升，但这一过
程的精确幅度和机制尚不清楚，从而使得人们难以预测它们未来对海平面上升的潜在贡
献。表层物质消失肯定是 一个因素。流动速度较快的冰川流中冰的消失（被称为动态
变薄）更难预测。现在，高分辨率卫星高程测量结果表明，动态变薄比以前所想的更为
重要和广泛，尤其是在海洋边缘。（Letter p. 971）
海洋古细菌对氨的亲和力强于细菌氨氧化剂（Ammonia for archaea）
Ammonia oxidation kinetics determine niche separation of nitrifying Archaea
and Bacteria
有氧氨氧化是全球氮循环中一个关键过程。几年前人们还认为，只有少数几类细菌能够
催化这一反应，但随后广泛分布的古细菌便被发现同样也具有该功能。现在，对被称为
SCM1的海洋古细菌分离菌种所做的一项研究显示，它比细菌氨氧化剂对氨的亲和力要高
得多。这一发现将可以解释为什么海洋古细菌在寡营养海洋中能成功与其他微生物竞
争，并且还可支持这样一个假说：硝化反应在海洋氮循环中可能要比当前生物地化模型
所假设的更为普遍。（Letter p. 976）
能够挫败欺骗行为的“高贵”突变体（‘Noble’ mutant beats cheats）
Cheater-resistance is not futile
“网柄菌”等社会性变形虫个体必须合作，才能构建它们赖以生殖的子实体。同在所有
社会中一样，这样的合作对于不劳而获的欺骗行为也高度敏感。但欺骗并非总能得逞。
欺骗行为受限于各种不同机制，如亲缘辨别机制和欺骗者适应性较差等。理论表明，对
欺骗者具有抵抗力的突变体也将会出现，而且现在一种对欺骗者具有抵抗力的网柄菌
（D. discoideum）也已被分离出来。对欺骗者的抵抗力似乎是一种“高贵”的策略，
因为抵制者并不一定要剥削其他菌株，因而可以保持合作行为。（Letter p. 980）
脑中与识字过程有关的几个区域（The seat of literacy）
An anatomical signature for literacy
研究我们学习阅读和写作时大脑中发生的变化非常困难，因为读写能力通常是在孩提时
代获得的，那时很多其他发育变化也在发生。 当哥伦比亚一组前游击队（包括一些在
儿童时代没有学过阅读的人）被重新融入哥伦比亚主流社会时，一个用脑成像来研究该
过程的机会便出现了。将这些“晚识字者”的脑构造与他们的文盲同胞所做对比，显示
了识字过程中有可能涉及的几个脑区域。研究人员发现，顶叶中左右角回之间的相互联
系对于阅读来说很重要，而且这种重要性与掌握阅读的年龄及阅读能力无关。（Letter
p. 983）
绛色细胞对果蝇性吸引力的影响（An attractive proposition）
Specialized cells tag sexual and species identity in Drosophila melanogaster
众所周知，物种内及物种间的社会互动依赖于化学沟通，但其中所涉及的编码却隐藏在
信息素的复杂混合物中。现在，Billeter等人通过基因方法去除了黑腹果蝇表皮中产生
烃类信息素的细胞（即绛色细胞），从而形成用以研究化学沟通的一种“空白状态”。
令人吃惊的是，没有绛色细胞的果蝇不管是公是母对于雄性果蝇来说都极有性吸引力，
甚至对来自一个不同种的雄性也有吸引力。用不同的合成化学药剂喷洒这些果蝇，可以
恢复正常的社会和物种界线。（Letter p. 987; News & Views）
形态和行为都可用光来控制的细胞（Leading lights）
Spatiotemporal control of cell signalling using a light-switchable protein
interaction
绿色荧光蛋白和其他可通过基因编码的光指示器，使细胞功能研究发生了革命性变化。
现在，Levskaya等人介绍了一种技术，该技术将来自植物的光激发蛋白融入哺乳动物细
胞信号系统中，生成形态和行为都可用光来控制的细胞，从而为细胞生物学增添了一个
新的维度。该体系利用来自拟南芥光敏色素网络的一个可逆的蛋白-蛋白相互作用模
块，将Rho家族的GTP酶的激发因子可逆地转位到胞质膜上。原则上，这项进展使得人们
有可能为新一代扰动细胞生物学实验设计出各种不同的、可通过光编程的试剂。
（Letter p. 997）
----------------------
NEWS AND VIEWS
----------------------
Behavioural neurobiology: Chemical love pp887-888
Male and female fruitflies use pheromones to flaunt their species identity
and gender as they court amid other fruitfly species. The grammar of this
chemical language is surprisingly sophisticated.
Nicolas Gompel and Benjamin Prud'homme
doi:10.1038/461887a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/461887a.html
Condensed-matter physics: Wien route to monopoles pp888-889
Determining the magnetic charge of monopoles in a crystalline host seemed a
mountain too high for physicists to climb. An experiment based on Wien's
theory
of electrolytes has now measured its value.
Shivaji Sondhi
doi:10.1038/461888a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/461888a.html
Neuroscience: The inside story on place cells pp889-890
Neurons known as place cells encode spatial information that is needed to
guide an animal's movement. Nearly 40 years after these cells were
discovered,
neuroscience gets a look at their internal dynamics.
Douglas Nitz
doi:10.1038/461889a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/461889a.html
Analytical chemistry: The matrix neutralized pp890-891
Many of the best methods available for monitoring biological binding events
can't be used in a diverse range of clinical samples. An ultrasensitive
assay
based on magnetic signals overcomes this problem.
Ilia Fishbein and Robert J. Levy
doi:10.1038/461890a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/461890a.html
Stem cells: A fateful age gap pp891-892
When a stem cell divides, one sister cell differentiates and the other
retains
its stem-cell identity. Differences in the age of an organelle - the
centriole -
inherited at cell division may determine these differing fates.
Tim Stearns
doi:10.1038/461891a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/461891a.html
50 & 100 years ago p892
doi:10.1038/461892b
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/461892b.html
Materials science: Quasicrystals from nanocrystals pp892-893
Quasicrystals have a host of unusual physical properties. These
intermediates
between amorphous solids and regular crystalline materials can now be made
to
self-assemble from nanoparticles.
Alfons van Blaaderen
doi:10.1038/461892a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/461892a.html
Obituary: Norman E. Borlaug (1914-2009) p894
Plant scientist who transformed global food production.
M. S. Swaminathan
doi:10.1038/461894a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/461894a.html
----------------------
NEWS AND VIEWS Q&A
----------------------
Neuroscience: Alzheimer's disease pp895-897
The neurodegenerative disorder Alzheimer's disease is becoming more
prevalent
in ageing populations worldwide. The identification of effective treatments
will require a better understanding of the physiological mechanisms
involved,
and innovative approaches to drug development and evaluation.
Lennart Mucke
doi:10.1038/461895a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/461895a.html
----------------------
INSIGHT
----------------------
EDITORIAL
Neurotechniques p899
Noah Gray and Tanguy Chouard
doi:10.1038/461899a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/461899a.html
REVIEW ARTICLE
Molecular genetics and imaging technologies for circuit-based neuroanatomy
pp900-907
Benjamin R. Arenkiel and Michael D. Ehlers
doi:10.1038/nature08536
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/abs/nature08536.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/nature08536.html
Neuroscience in the era of functional genomics and systems
biology pp908-915
Daniel H. Geschwind and Genevieve Konopka
doi:10.1038/nature08537
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/abs/nature08537.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/nature08537.html
Multimodal techniques for diagnosis and prognosis of Alzheimer's disease
pp916-922
Richard J. Perrin, Anne M. Fagan and David M. Holtzman
doi:10.1038/nature08538
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/abs/nature08538.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/nature08538.html
Reverse engineering the mouse brain pp923-929
Daniel H. O'Connor, Daniel Huber and Karel Svoboda
doi:10.1038/nature08539
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/abs/nature08539.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/nature08539.html
Electrophysiology in the age of light pp930-939
Massimo Scanziani and Michael Hausser
doi:10.1038/nature08540
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/abs/nature08540.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/nature08540.html
----------------------
ARTICLES
----------------------
Intracellular dynamics of hippocampal place cells during virtual navigation
pp941-946
As we navigate, spatial information is encoded in both rate and temporal
codes
by place cells located in the hippocampus. To investigate the origin of
these
codes, the intracellular dynamics of place cells are now measured in vivo in
awake mice navigating a virtual-reality environment. Three subthreshold
signatures
of place fields are identified that underlie the primary features of
place-cell
rate and temporal codes.
Christopher D. Harvey, Forrest Collman, Daniel A. Dombeck and David W. Tank
doi:10.1038/nature08499
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/abs/nature08499.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/nature08499.html
Asymmetric centrosome inheritance maintains neural progenitors in the
neocortex
pp947-955
Radial glia progenitors divide asymmetrically in the ventricular zone (VZ)
of
the developing neocortex to produce both self-renewing radial glia and
differentiating cells. The latter will then leave the VZ whereas the
renewing
radial glia progenitors stay to divide further, but the mechanisms
underlying
these differences in behaviour are unclear. Asymmetric inheritance of
centrosomes
is now shown to regulate the differential behaviour of renewing progenitors
in
the embryonic mouse neocortex.
Xiaoqun Wang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08435
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/abs/nature08435.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/nature08435.html
----------------------
LETTERS
----------------------
Measurement of the charge and current of magnetic monopoles in spin
ice pp956-959
Magnetic counterparts to electric charges and currents have proved elusive.
However, it was recently proposed that magnetic charges can exist in a
certain
type of material termed 'spin ice'. Here, experimental measurements prove
that
magnetic charges can indeed exist in such a material and have measurable
currents,
thus establishing an instance of perfect symmetry between electricity and
magnetism.
S. T. Bramwell et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08500
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/abs/nature08500.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/nature08500.html
Cooper pair splitter realized in a two-quantum-dot Y-junction pp960-963
One of the most counterintuitive fundamental properties of quantum mechanics
is
non-locality, which manifests itself as correlations between spatially
separated
parts of a quantum system. Although experimental tests of non-locality (Bell
inequalities) have been successfully conducted with pairwise entangled
photons,
similar demonstrations using electrons have so far not been possible. The
realization of a Y-shaped tunable Cooper pair splitter, to split entangled
electrons on demand, brings this one step closer.
L. Hofstetter, S. Csonka, J. Nygard and C. Schonenberger
doi:10.1038/nature08432
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/abs/nature08432.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/nature08432.html
Quasicrystalline order in self-assembled binary nanoparticle
superlattices
pp964-967
Quasicrystals are ordered structures that lack any translational symmetry,
challenging the classic conception of ordered solids as periodic structures.
So far, they have been reported in certain systems and can, for example,
form
from intermetallic compounds and organic dendrimers. Here it is shown that
colloidal inorganic nanoparticles from several materials can self-assemble
into binary aperiodic superlattices with quasicrystalline order.
Dmitri V. Talapin et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08439
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/abs/nature08439.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/nature08439.html
Scaleable catalytic asymmetric Strecker syntheses of unnatural [agr]-amino
acids pp968-970
Efficient methods for the synthesis of enantioenriched [alpha]-amino acids -
the building blocks of proteins [mdash] have been developed, but it remains
a challenge to obtain non-natural amino acids. A new catalytic asymmetric
method
is now reported for the syntheses of highly enantiomerically enriched
non-natural
amino acids using a simple and robust chiral amido-thiourea catalyst. The
method
also uses a safer source of cyanide.
Stephan J. Zuend, Matthew P. Coughlin, Mathieu P. Lalonde and Eric N.
Jacobsen
doi:10.1038/nature08484
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/abs/nature08484.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/nature08484.html
Extensive dynamic thinning on the margins of the Greenland and Antarctic ice
sheets pp971-975
Mass loss from the glaciers along the margins of the Greenland and Antarctic
ice
sheets is increasingly contributing to sea level rise. However, ice loss as
a
result of accelerated flow, known as dynamic thinning, is so poorly
understood
that its potential future contribution to sea level remains unpredictable.
Here,
high-resolution laser altimetry is used to map changes along these ocean
margins;
the results show that dynamic thinning is more important and extensive than
previously thought.
Hamish D. Pritchard, Robert J. Arthern, David G. Vaughan and Laura A.
Edwards
doi:10.1038/nature08471
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/abs/nature08471.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/nature08471.html
Ammonia oxidation kinetics determine niche separation of nitrifying Archaea
and Bacteria pp976-979
Ammonia oxidation is carried out by both Bacteria and Archaea. Oligotrophic
ammonia oxidation kinetics and cellular characteristics of a mesophilic
crenarchaeon found in the open ocean are now reported; its remarkably high
specific affinity for reduced nitrogen suggests that certain
ammonia-oxidizing
Archaea could successfully compete with heterotrophic bacterioplankton and
phytoplankton. Thus, ammonia oxidation may be more prevalent in the marine
nitrogen cycle than is currently accounted for.
Willm Martens-Habbena et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08465
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/abs/nature08465.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/nature08465.html
Cheater-resistance is not futile pp980-982
Individuals in cooperative social systems can cheat the system by reaping
the
benefits of cooperation without incurring the costs. Here, the presence of a
cheater in a population of randomly mutated social amoebae is shown to
select
for mutations that confer resistance to cheating in the rest of the
population.
This cheater-resistance can be a noble strategy because the resister strain
does
not necessarily exploit other strains, preserving cooperative behaviour.
Anupama Khare et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08472
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/abs/nature08472.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/nature08472.html
An anatomical signature for literacy pp983-986
Unlike language, a uniquely human ability which children naturally develop,
reading is a learnt skill that requires tuition and practice. Learning to
read
is likely to involve structural brain changes, but these are nearly
impossible
to isolate in children owing to other concurrent changes. A population of
former
Colombian guerrillas learning to read as adults is now studied, using
structural
brain scans to compare changes in the brains of these late-literates with
those of illiterates.
Manuel Carreiras et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08461
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/abs/nature08461.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/nature08461.html
Specialized cells tag sexual and species identity in Drosophila
melanogaster
pp987-991
Many organisms use chemical signals to indicate species and sex. Cuticular
hydrocarbon signals are used by insects, including Drosophila melanogaster,
to
distinguish conspecific individuals from others, and they also contribute to
courtship and mating interactions. Direct evidence is now provided that a
single
compound is used to communicate female identity among D. melanogaster, and
to
define a reproductive isolation barrier between D. melanogaster and sibling
species.
Jean-Christophe Billeter et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08495
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/abs/nature08495.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/nature08495.html
A secreted complement-control-related protein ensures acetylcholine receptor
clustering pp992-996
For efficient neurotransmission at chemical synapses to occur, there must be
spatial congruence between the presynaptic area where synaptic vesicles fuse
and the postsynaptic area where neurotransmitter receptors concentrate. An
extracellular scaffold is now described that is necessary for the clustering
of acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junctions in the nematode
Caenorhabditis
elegans; it involves the protein LEV-9, the function of which relies on
complement
control protein domains.
Marie Gendrel, Georgia Rapti, Janet E. Richmond and Jean-Louis Bessereau
doi:10.1038/nature08430
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/abs/nature08430.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/nature08430.html
Spatiotemporal control of cell signalling using a light-switchable protein
interaction pp997-1001
The use of light to precisely control cellular behaviour is a challenge that
has only recently begun to be addressed. Here, a genetically encoded
light-control
system is demonstrated in mammalian cells. Based on a reversible
protein-protein
interaction from the phytochrome signalling network of Arabidopsis thaliana,
the
system is used to reversibly translocate activators of the Rho-family
GTPases
to the plasma membrane with high temporal and spatial resolution.
Anselm Levskaya, Orion D. Weiner, Wendell A. Lim and Christopher A. Voigt
doi:10.1038/nature08446
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/abs/nature08446.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/nature08446.html
Integrin-linked kinase is an adaptor with essential functions during mouse
development pp1002-1006
Integrin-linked kinase (Ilk) is a multifunctional protein that binds
[beta]-integrin
cytoplasmic domains and regulates actin dynamics through the recruitment of
actin
binding regulatory proteins such as [alpha]- and [beta]-parvin. In mice,
genetic
evidence is now provided that the kinase activity of Ilk is not essential
for
mammalian development but that an interaction between Ilk and [alpha]-parvin
is critical for kidney development.
Anika Lange et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08468
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/abs/nature08468.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/nature08468.html
DNA demethylation in hormone-induced transcriptional
derepression pp1007-1012
Gene regulation is known to be affected by epigenetic modifications at the
histone level in response to extracellular signals; however, the effect of
modifications at the DNA level, and especially active DNA demethylation, are
not well understood. Here, DNA methylation/demethylation is found to be
hormonally switched in order to control the transcription of the cytochrome
p450 27B1 gene.
Mi-Sun Kim et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08456
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/abs/nature08456.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/nature08456.html
----------------------
FUTURES
----------------------
Escapism p1018
Where there's a will...
Nick Mamatas
doi:10.1038/4611018a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/4611018a.html
Asymmetric centrosome inheritance maintains neural progenitors in the
neocortex
中心体是动物细胞中的一种关键细胞器，起主要微管组织中心的作用，在细胞分裂和细
胞迁移过程中有重要作用。中心体具有内在不对称性，它们似乎是由细胞周期不同阶段
形成的“母”中心粒和“子” 中心粒组成的。这种内在不对称性最近被发现是干细胞
分裂中的一个重要因子。现在，对小鼠胚胎新皮层所做的一项研究表明，可解释发育中
的哺乳动物新皮层中几乎全部神经发生活动（放射状胶质先祖细胞的非对称分裂）的过
程也是由中心粒的非对称遗传调控的。接受两个中心粒中较老一个的子细胞仍然留在大
脑新皮层的脑室区，以补充先祖细胞数量，而接受新的、复制的中心粒的子细胞则迁移
到皮层中，分化成一个神经细胞。（Article p. 947; News & Views）
地点细胞编码机制模型的实验验证（Place cells know their place）
Intracellular dynamics of hippocampal place cells during virtual navigation
在我们走动时，空间信息被大脑海马体中的“地点”细胞编码和处理。这些神经细胞中
的每一个当处在它应在的“地点”时，会加快其激发速度，从而使速度编码等同于地
点。海马体地点细胞的激发模式在过去40年里已得到广泛研究，而且人们也提出了一些
理论模型来解释神经回路中地点和时间的编码机制。现在，研究人员开发出一种技术，
该技术能从实验鼠的地点细胞内来记录编码情况。实验中，研究人员让小鼠处于清醒状
态，并让它们走一个虚拟现实迷宫。这一技术使得研究人员有可能来验证这些模型。初
步结果表明，地点场存在两个阈下特征参数：一个是膜电位振荡在Theta频率处振幅的
增加，另一个是基线膜电位像坡道一样的去极化。（Article p. 941; News & Views）
“自旋冰”中“磁流”的观测（Magnetricity in spin ice）
Measurement of the charge and current of magnetic monopoles in spin ice
电荷和电流普遍存在，但与它们相对应的“磁荷”和“磁流”却难以确定。最近，研究
人员预测到、随后又在被称为“自旋冰”（ spin ice）的、在磁学上让人迷惑不解的
材料中演示了磁“单极”（带一个净“磁荷”、像只有一个“极”的磁铁的粒子）的存
在。这样，我们便有了一个从中可能发现“磁流”（ magnetricity）的体系。
Bramwell等人利用自旋冰“碳酸镝烧绿石” (Dy2Ti2O7)发现，“磁荷”和它们的动态
可通过与电解质（在溶液中变成离子、能够导电的物质）理论相应的“磁解质”理论来
理解。他们观测到了真正的“磁流”，确定了“磁荷”的基本单位。这些发现说明电与
磁之间存在完美的对称性。（Letter p. 956; News& Views）
用胶体纳米颗粒获取准晶体（Well-connected quasicrystals）
Quasicrystalline order in self-assembled binary nanoparticle superlattices
准晶体是将长程有序与“不可能的”堆积对称性（如在周期结构中不允许存在的“五倍
转动”）结合在一起的独特材料。此前，它们只在一个激光驻波模式作用下、在如金属
间化合物、块状共聚合物或胶体颗粒等特定体系中被发现。现在，Talapin等人将胶体
纳米颗粒自组装成了非周期性准晶体晶格，方法是仔细调整它们的大小，并采用一个新
颖的堆积主题。他们能用这种方法获得具有由几种不同材料组合组成的纳米颗粒的准晶
体，从而反映了这样一个事实：只有球堆积和简单的颗粒间电位对于它们的形成才是重
要的，而不是各组成部分之间的特定相互作用。这些准晶体还可通过一个薄薄的“润
湿”层与普通（晶体）世界联系起来，这个“润湿”层具有很像经典的阿基米德瓦片堆
积模式的结构。（Letter p. 964; News & Views）
阿尔法氨基酸的一种灵活、实用的合成方法（Alpha-amino acids on tap）
Scaleable catalytic asymmetric Strecker syntheses of unnatural -amino acids
来自哈佛大学化学与化学生物学系的一个小组，报告了一项长期研究工作的最终结果：
开发出合成作为蛋白质构造单元的阿尔法氨基酸的一种实用的、具有可适应性的方法。
他们的合成工作以一个经典的有机化学反应——Strecker反应为基础。一个简单的手性
氨基硫脲分子被用来催化氰化氢向亚胺的高选择性加成反应，反应所采用的条件使其能
够在大尺度下使用。利用这种方法可以合成新的、不同寻常的氨基酸。该方法在包括药
物化学、蛋白质科学和材料科学在内的一系列领域都有广泛用途。（Letter p. 968）
冰川动态变薄过程的高分辨率卫星高程测量结果（Calculating on thin ice）
Extensive dynamic thinning on the margins of the Greenland and Antarctic ice
sheets
沿格陵兰和南极洲冰层所发生的边缘冰川的物质消失已知会促使海平面上升，但这一过
程的精确幅度和机制尚不清楚，从而使得人们难以预测它们未来对海平面上升的潜在贡
献。表层物质消失肯定是 一个因素。流动速度较快的冰川流中冰的消失（被称为动态
变薄）更难预测。现在，高分辨率卫星高程测量结果表明，动态变薄比以前所想的更为
重要和广泛，尤其是在海洋边缘。（Letter p. 971）
海洋古细菌对氨的亲和力强于细菌氨氧化剂（Ammonia for archaea）
Ammonia oxidation kinetics determine niche separation of nitrifying Archaea
and Bacteria
有氧氨氧化是全球氮循环中一个关键过程。几年前人们还认为，只有少数几类细菌能够
催化这一反应，但随后广泛分布的古细菌便被发现同样也具有该功能。现在，对被称为
SCM1的海洋古细菌分离菌种所做的一项研究显示，它比细菌氨氧化剂对氨的亲和力要高
得多。这一发现将可以解释为什么海洋古细菌在寡营养海洋中能成功与其他微生物竞
争，并且还可支持这样一个假说：硝化反应在海洋氮循环中可能要比当前生物地化模型
所假设的更为普遍。（Letter p. 976）
能够挫败欺骗行为的“高贵”突变体（‘Noble’ mutant beats cheats）
Cheater-resistance is not futile
“网柄菌”等社会性变形虫个体必须合作，才能构建它们赖以生殖的子实体。同在所有
社会中一样，这样的合作对于不劳而获的欺骗行为也高度敏感。但欺骗并非总能得逞。
欺骗行为受限于各种不同机制，如亲缘辨别机制和欺骗者适应性较差等。理论表明，对
欺骗者具有抵抗力的突变体也将会出现，而且现在一种对欺骗者具有抵抗力的网柄菌
（D. discoideum）也已被分离出来。对欺骗者的抵抗力似乎是一种“高贵”的策略，
因为抵制者并不一定要剥削其他菌株，因而可以保持合作行为。（Letter p. 980）
脑中与识字过程有关的几个区域（The seat of literacy）
An anatomical signature for literacy
研究我们学习阅读和写作时大脑中发生的变化非常困难，因为读写能力通常是在孩提时
代获得的，那时很多其他发育变化也在发生。 当哥伦比亚一组前游击队（包括一些在
儿童时代没有学过阅读的人）被重新融入哥伦比亚主流社会时，一个用脑成像来研究该
过程的机会便出现了。将这些“晚识字者”的脑构造与他们的文盲同胞所做对比，显示
了识字过程中有可能涉及的几个脑区域。研究人员发现，顶叶中左右角回之间的相互联
系对于阅读来说很重要，而且这种重要性与掌握阅读的年龄及阅读能力无关。（Letter
p. 983）
绛色细胞对果蝇性吸引力的影响（An attractive proposition）
Specialized cells tag sexual and species identity in Drosophila melanogaster
众所周知，物种内及物种间的社会互动依赖于化学沟通，但其中所涉及的编码却隐藏在
信息素的复杂混合物中。现在，Billeter等人通过基因方法去除了黑腹果蝇表皮中产生
烃类信息素的细胞（即绛色细胞），从而形成用以研究化学沟通的一种“空白状态”。
令人吃惊的是，没有绛色细胞的果蝇不管是公是母对于雄性果蝇来说都极有性吸引力，
甚至对来自一个不同种的雄性也有吸引力。用不同的合成化学药剂喷洒这些果蝇，可以
恢复正常的社会和物种界线。（Letter p. 987; News & Views）
形态和行为都可用光来控制的细胞（Leading lights）
Spatiotemporal control of cell signalling using a light-switchable protein
interaction
绿色荧光蛋白和其他可通过基因编码的光指示器，使细胞功能研究发生了革命性变化。
现在，Levskaya等人介绍了一种技术，该技术将来自植物的光激发蛋白融入哺乳动物细
胞信号系统中，生成形态和行为都可用光来控制的细胞，从而为细胞生物学增添了一个
新的维度。该体系利用来自拟南芥光敏色素网络的一个可逆的蛋白-蛋白相互作用模
块，将Rho家族的GTP酶的激发因子可逆地转位到胞质膜上。原则上，这项进展使得人们
有可能为新一代扰动细胞生物学实验设计出各种不同的、可通过光编程的试剂。
（Letter p. 997）
----------------------
NEWS AND VIEWS
----------------------
Behavioural neurobiology: Chemical love pp887-888
Male and female fruitflies use pheromones to flaunt their species identity
and gender as they court amid other fruitfly species. The grammar of this
chemical language is surprisingly sophisticated.
Nicolas Gompel and Benjamin Prud'homme
doi:10.1038/461887a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/461887a.html
Condensed-matter physics: Wien route to monopoles pp888-889
Determining the magnetic charge of monopoles in a crystalline host seemed a
mountain too high for physicists to climb. An experiment based on Wien's
theory
of electrolytes has now measured its value.
Shivaji Sondhi
doi:10.1038/461888a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/461888a.html
Neuroscience: The inside story on place cells pp889-890
Neurons known as place cells encode spatial information that is needed to
guide an animal's movement. Nearly 40 years after these cells were
discovered,
neuroscience gets a look at their internal dynamics.
Douglas Nitz
doi:10.1038/461889a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/461889a.html
Analytical chemistry: The matrix neutralized pp890-891
Many of the best methods available for monitoring biological binding events
can't be used in a diverse range of clinical samples. An ultrasensitive
assay
based on magnetic signals overcomes this problem.
Ilia Fishbein and Robert J. Levy
doi:10.1038/461890a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/461890a.html
Stem cells: A fateful age gap pp891-892
When a stem cell divides, one sister cell differentiates and the other
retains
its stem-cell identity. Differences in the age of an organelle - the
centriole -
inherited at cell division may determine these differing fates.
Tim Stearns
doi:10.1038/461891a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/461891a.html
50 & 100 years ago p892
doi:10.1038/461892b
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/461892b.html
Materials science: Quasicrystals from nanocrystals pp892-893
Quasicrystals have a host of unusual physical properties. These
intermediates
between amorphous solids and regular crystalline materials can now be made
to
self-assemble from nanoparticles.
Alfons van Blaaderen
doi:10.1038/461892a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/461892a.html
Obituary: Norman E. Borlaug (1914-2009) p894
Plant scientist who transformed global food production.
M. S. Swaminathan
doi:10.1038/461894a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/461894a.html
----------------------
NEWS AND VIEWS Q&A
----------------------
Neuroscience: Alzheimer's disease pp895-897
The neurodegenerative disorder Alzheimer's disease is becoming more
prevalent
in ageing populations worldwide. The identification of effective treatments
will require a better understanding of the physiological mechanisms
involved,
and innovative approaches to drug development and evaluation.
Lennart Mucke
doi:10.1038/461895a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/461895a.html
----------------------
INSIGHT
----------------------
EDITORIAL
Neurotechniques p899
Noah Gray and Tanguy Chouard
doi:10.1038/461899a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/461899a.html
REVIEW ARTICLE
Molecular genetics and imaging technologies for circuit-based neuroanatomy
pp900-907
Benjamin R. Arenkiel and Michael D. Ehlers
doi:10.1038/nature08536
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/abs/nature08536.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/nature08536.html
Neuroscience in the era of functional genomics and systems
biology pp908-915
Daniel H. Geschwind and Genevieve Konopka
doi:10.1038/nature08537
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/abs/nature08537.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/nature08537.html
Multimodal techniques for diagnosis and prognosis of Alzheimer's disease
pp916-922
Richard J. Perrin, Anne M. Fagan and David M. Holtzman
doi:10.1038/nature08538
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/abs/nature08538.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/nature08538.html
Reverse engineering the mouse brain pp923-929
Daniel H. O'Connor, Daniel Huber and Karel Svoboda
doi:10.1038/nature08539
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/abs/nature08539.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/nature08539.html
Electrophysiology in the age of light pp930-939
Massimo Scanziani and Michael Hausser
doi:10.1038/nature08540
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/abs/nature08540.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/nature08540.html
----------------------
ARTICLES
----------------------
Intracellular dynamics of hippocampal place cells during virtual navigation
pp941-946
As we navigate, spatial information is encoded in both rate and temporal
codes
by place cells located in the hippocampus. To investigate the origin of
these
codes, the intracellular dynamics of place cells are now measured in vivo in
awake mice navigating a virtual-reality environment. Three subthreshold
signatures
of place fields are identified that underlie the primary features of
place-cell
rate and temporal codes.
Christopher D. Harvey, Forrest Collman, Daniel A. Dombeck and David W. Tank
doi:10.1038/nature08499
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/abs/nature08499.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/nature08499.html
Asymmetric centrosome inheritance maintains neural progenitors in the
neocortex
pp947-955
Radial glia progenitors divide asymmetrically in the ventricular zone (VZ)
of
the developing neocortex to produce both self-renewing radial glia and
differentiating cells. The latter will then leave the VZ whereas the
renewing
radial glia progenitors stay to divide further, but the mechanisms
underlying
these differences in behaviour are unclear. Asymmetric inheritance of
centrosomes
is now shown to regulate the differential behaviour of renewing progenitors
in
the embryonic mouse neocortex.
Xiaoqun Wang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08435
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/abs/nature08435.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/nature08435.html
----------------------
LETTERS
----------------------
Measurement of the charge and current of magnetic monopoles in spin
ice pp956-959
Magnetic counterparts to electric charges and currents have proved elusive.
However, it was recently proposed that magnetic charges can exist in a
certain
type of material termed 'spin ice'. Here, experimental measurements prove
that
magnetic charges can indeed exist in such a material and have measurable
currents,
thus establishing an instance of perfect symmetry between electricity and
magnetism.
S. T. Bramwell et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08500
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/abs/nature08500.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/nature08500.html
Cooper pair splitter realized in a two-quantum-dot Y-junction pp960-963
One of the most counterintuitive fundamental properties of quantum mechanics
is
non-locality, which manifests itself as correlations between spatially
separated
parts of a quantum system. Although experimental tests of non-locality (Bell
inequalities) have been successfully conducted with pairwise entangled
photons,
similar demonstrations using electrons have so far not been possible. The
realization of a Y-shaped tunable Cooper pair splitter, to split entangled
electrons on demand, brings this one step closer.
L. Hofstetter, S. Csonka, J. Nygard and C. Schonenberger
doi:10.1038/nature08432
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/abs/nature08432.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/nature08432.html
Quasicrystalline order in self-assembled binary nanoparticle
superlattices
pp964-967
Quasicrystals are ordered structures that lack any translational symmetry,
challenging the classic conception of ordered solids as periodic structures.
So far, they have been reported in certain systems and can, for example,
form
from intermetallic compounds and organic dendrimers. Here it is shown that
colloidal inorganic nanoparticles from several materials can self-assemble
into binary aperiodic superlattices with quasicrystalline order.
Dmitri V. Talapin et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08439
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/abs/nature08439.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/nature08439.html
Scaleable catalytic asymmetric Strecker syntheses of unnatural [agr]-amino
acids pp968-970
Efficient methods for the synthesis of enantioenriched [alpha]-amino acids -
the building blocks of proteins [mdash] have been developed, but it remains
a challenge to obtain non-natural amino acids. A new catalytic asymmetric
method
is now reported for the syntheses of highly enantiomerically enriched
non-natural
amino acids using a simple and robust chiral amido-thiourea catalyst. The
method
also uses a safer source of cyanide.
Stephan J. Zuend, Matthew P. Coughlin, Mathieu P. Lalonde and Eric N.
Jacobsen
doi:10.1038/nature08484
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/abs/nature08484.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/nature08484.html
Extensive dynamic thinning on the margins of the Greenland and Antarctic ice
sheets pp971-975
Mass loss from the glaciers along the margins of the Greenland and Antarctic
ice
sheets is increasingly contributing to sea level rise. However, ice loss as
a
result of accelerated flow, known as dynamic thinning, is so poorly
understood
that its potential future contribution to sea level remains unpredictable.
Here,
high-resolution laser altimetry is used to map changes along these ocean
margins;
the results show that dynamic thinning is more important and extensive than
previously thought.
Hamish D. Pritchard, Robert J. Arthern, David G. Vaughan and Laura A.
Edwards
doi:10.1038/nature08471
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/abs/nature08471.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/nature08471.html
Ammonia oxidation kinetics determine niche separation of nitrifying Archaea
and Bacteria pp976-979
Ammonia oxidation is carried out by both Bacteria and Archaea. Oligotrophic
ammonia oxidation kinetics and cellular characteristics of a mesophilic
crenarchaeon found in the open ocean are now reported; its remarkably high
specific affinity for reduced nitrogen suggests that certain
ammonia-oxidizing
Archaea could successfully compete with heterotrophic bacterioplankton and
phytoplankton. Thus, ammonia oxidation may be more prevalent in the marine
nitrogen cycle than is currently accounted for.
Willm Martens-Habbena et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08465
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/abs/nature08465.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/nature08465.html
Cheater-resistance is not futile pp980-982
Individuals in cooperative social systems can cheat the system by reaping
the
benefits of cooperation without incurring the costs. Here, the presence of a
cheater in a population of randomly mutated social amoebae is shown to
select
for mutations that confer resistance to cheating in the rest of the
population.
This cheater-resistance can be a noble strategy because the resister strain
does
not necessarily exploit other strains, preserving cooperative behaviour.
Anupama Khare et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08472
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/abs/nature08472.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/nature08472.html
An anatomical signature for literacy pp983-986
Unlike language, a uniquely human ability which children naturally develop,
reading is a learnt skill that requires tuition and practice. Learning to
read
is likely to involve structural brain changes, but these are nearly
impossible
to isolate in children owing to other concurrent changes. A population of
former
Colombian guerrillas learning to read as adults is now studied, using
structural
brain scans to compare changes in the brains of these late-literates with
those of illiterates.
Manuel Carreiras et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08461
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/abs/nature08461.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/nature08461.html
Specialized cells tag sexual and species identity in Drosophila
melanogaster
pp987-991
Many organisms use chemical signals to indicate species and sex. Cuticular
hydrocarbon signals are used by insects, including Drosophila melanogaster,
to
distinguish conspecific individuals from others, and they also contribute to
courtship and mating interactions. Direct evidence is now provided that a
single
compound is used to communicate female identity among D. melanogaster, and
to
define a reproductive isolation barrier between D. melanogaster and sibling
species.
Jean-Christophe Billeter et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08495
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/abs/nature08495.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/nature08495.html
A secreted complement-control-related protein ensures acetylcholine receptor
clustering pp992-996
For efficient neurotransmission at chemical synapses to occur, there must be
spatial congruence between the presynaptic area where synaptic vesicles fuse
and the postsynaptic area where neurotransmitter receptors concentrate. An
extracellular scaffold is now described that is necessary for the clustering
of acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junctions in the nematode
Caenorhabditis
elegans; it involves the protein LEV-9, the function of which relies on
complement
control protein domains.
Marie Gendrel, Georgia Rapti, Janet E. Richmond and Jean-Louis Bessereau
doi:10.1038/nature08430
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/abs/nature08430.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/nature08430.html
Spatiotemporal control of cell signalling using a light-switchable protein
interaction pp997-1001
The use of light to precisely control cellular behaviour is a challenge that
has only recently begun to be addressed. Here, a genetically encoded
light-control
system is demonstrated in mammalian cells. Based on a reversible
protein-protein
interaction from the phytochrome signalling network of Arabidopsis thaliana,
the
system is used to reversibly translocate activators of the Rho-family
GTPases
to the plasma membrane with high temporal and spatial resolution.
Anselm Levskaya, Orion D. Weiner, Wendell A. Lim and Christopher A. Voigt
doi:10.1038/nature08446
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/abs/nature08446.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/nature08446.html
Integrin-linked kinase is an adaptor with essential functions during mouse
development pp1002-1006
Integrin-linked kinase (Ilk) is a multifunctional protein that binds
[beta]-integrin
cytoplasmic domains and regulates actin dynamics through the recruitment of
actin
binding regulatory proteins such as [alpha]- and [beta]-parvin. In mice,
genetic
evidence is now provided that the kinase activity of Ilk is not essential
for
mammalian development but that an interaction between Ilk and [alpha]-parvin
is critical for kidney development.
Anika Lange et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08468
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/abs/nature08468.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/nature08468.html
DNA demethylation in hormone-induced transcriptional
derepression pp1007-1012
Gene regulation is known to be affected by epigenetic modifications at the
histone level in response to extracellular signals; however, the effect of
modifications at the DNA level, and especially active DNA demethylation, are
not well understood. Here, DNA methylation/demethylation is found to be
hormonally switched in order to control the transcription of the cytochrome
p450 27B1 gene.
Mi-Sun Kim et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08456
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/abs/nature08456.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/nature08456.html
----------------------
FUTURES
----------------------
Escapism p1018
Where there's a will...
Nick Mamatas
doi:10.1038/4611018a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/4611018a.html
| 《Nature》目录要览 — 2011-04-28出版 |
| 《Nature》目录要览：2011-01-20出版 |
| 《Nature》目录要览：2010-12-23出版 |
| 《Nature》目录要览：2010-12-16出版 |
| 《Nature》目录要览：2010-12-09出版 |
| 《Nature》目录要览：2010-12-02出版 |
特别声明：本文转载仅仅是出于传播信息的需要，版权归原作者所有，并不意味着代表本网站观点或证实其内容的真实性； 如其他媒体、网站或个人从本网站转载使用，须保留本网站注明的“来源”，并自负版权等法律责任； 作者如果不希望被转载或者联系转载稿费等事宜，请与我们接洽：service#environmentor.cn（请将#改为@）。
来源： 作者： （环境人 Environmentor.Cn）
